NestJS Guide for WMS Development

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of NestJS concepts with practical examples tailored for Warehouse Management System (WMS) development. It's designed to help new developers quickly understand and start working with NestJS in a WMS context.

Table of Contents

• Introduction to NestJS
• Setting Up a NestJS Project
• Modules
• Controllers
• Providers/Services
• Data Transfer Objects (DTOs)
• Database Integration
• Authentication & Authorization
• Validation
• Middleware
• Interceptors
• Guards
• Pipes
• Exception Filters
• Testing
• Deployment
• Best Practices for WMS

Introduction to NestJS

NestJS is a progressive Node.js framework for building efficient, reliable, and scalable server-side applications. It uses TypeScript and combines elements of OOP (Object Oriented Programming), FP (Functional Programming), and FRP (Functional Reactive Programming).

Key Features of NestJS

• TypeScript Support: Strong typing helps prevent errors in complex WMS business logic
• Modular Architecture: Organize code by warehouse functions (inventory, picking, shipping)
• Dependency Injection: Makes testing and maintaining WMS components easier
• REST API Support: For building robust APIs for warehouse clients and mobile scanners
• WebSocket Support: For real-time updates on inventory changes or order status
• Microservices: Split large WMS into manageable services (order processing, inventory management)
• ORM Integration: Work with databases using TypeORM or Mongoose

Setting Up a NestJS Project

Installation

# Install NestJS CLI
npm i -g @nestjs/cli

# Create a new project
nest new wms-system

# Navigate to project directory
cd wms-system

# Start the development server
npm run start:dev

Project Structure

wms-system/
├── src/
│   ├── main.ts                  # Application entry point
│   ├── app.module.ts            # Root module
│   ├── inventory/               # Inventory module
│   │   ├── inventory.module.ts
│   │   ├── inventory.controller.ts
│   │   ├── inventory.service.ts
│   │   ├── dto/
│   │   └── entities/
│   ├── orders/                  # Orders module
│   │   ├── orders.module.ts
│   │   ├── orders.controller.ts
│   │   ├── orders.service.ts
│   │   ├── dto/
│   │   └── entities/
│   └── shared/                  # Shared resources
│       ├── interfaces/
│       ├── constants/
│       └── utils/
├── test/                        # Tests
├── node_modules/
├── package.json
└── tsconfig.json

Modules

Modules are the building blocks of NestJS applications. They help organize related components and provide boundaries between different functional areas.

// inventory.module.ts
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { InventoryController } from './inventory.controller';
import { InventoryService } from './inventory.service';
import { Product } from './entities/product.entity';
import { Location } from './entities/location.entity';
import { StockMovement } from './entities/stock-movement.entity';

@Module({
  imports: [
    TypeOrmModule.forFeature([Product, Location, StockMovement]),
  ],
  controllers: [InventoryController],
  providers: [InventoryService],
  exports: [InventoryService], // Export to use in other modules
})
export class InventoryModule {}

// app.module.ts
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
import { InventoryModule } from './inventory/inventory.module';
import { OrdersModule } from './orders/orders.module';
import { ShippingModule } from './shipping/shipping.module';
import { UsersModule } from './users/users.module';
import { AuthModule } from './auth/auth.module';

@Module({
  imports: [
    ConfigModule.forRoot({ isGlobal: true }),
    TypeOrmModule.forRootAsync({
      imports: [ConfigModule],
      inject: [ConfigService],
      useFactory: (configService: ConfigService) => ({
        type: 'postgres',
        host: configService.get('DB_HOST'),
        port: configService.get('DB_PORT'),
        username: configService.get('DB_USERNAME'),
        password: configService.get('DB_PASSWORD'),
        database: configService.get('DB_DATABASE'),
        entities: [__dirname + '/**/*.entity{.ts,.js}'],
        synchronize: configService.get('NODE_ENV') !== 'production',
      }),
    }),
    InventoryModule,
    OrdersModule,
    ShippingModule,
    UsersModule,
    AuthModule,
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}

Controllers

Controllers handle incoming requests and return responses to the client. They define routes and HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for your API endpoints.

// inventory.controller.ts
import { Controller, Get, Post, Body, Param, Put, Delete, Query, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InventoryService } from './inventory.service';
import { CreateProductDto } from './dto/create-product.dto';
import { UpdateProductDto } from './dto/update-product.dto';
import { StockMovementDto } from './dto/stock-movement.dto';
import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
import { RolesGuard } from '../auth/guards/roles.guard';
import { Roles } from '../auth/decorators/roles.decorator';
import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiResponse } from '@nestjs/swagger';

@ApiTags('inventory')
@Controller('inventory')
@UseGuards(JwtAuthGuard, RolesGuard)
export class InventoryController {
  constructor(private readonly inventoryService: InventoryService) {}

  @Post('products')
  @Roles('admin', 'inventory-manager')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Create a new product' })
  @ApiResponse({ status: 201, description: 'Product created successfully' })
  async createProduct(@Body() createProductDto: CreateProductDto) {
    return this.inventoryService.createProduct(createProductDto);
  }

  @Get('products')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get all products with optional filtering' })
  async findAllProducts(
    @Query('category') category?: string,
    @Query('location') location?: string,
  ) {
    return this.inventoryService.findAllProducts(category, location);
  }

  @Get('products/:id')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get product by ID' })
  async findProductById(@Param('id') id: string) {
    return this.inventoryService.findProductById(id);
  }

  @Put('products/:id')
  @Roles('admin', 'inventory-manager')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Update product information' })
  async updateProduct(
    @Param('id') id: string,
    @Body() updateProductDto: UpdateProductDto,
  ) {
    return this.inventoryService.updateProduct(id, updateProductDto);
  }

  @Post('stock-movement')
  @Roles('warehouse-operator', 'inventory-manager')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Record stock movement (receiving, picking, etc.)' })
  async recordStockMovement(@Body() stockMovementDto: StockMovementDto) {
    return this.inventoryService.recordStockMovement(stockMovementDto);
  }

  @Get('stock-levels')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get current stock levels' })
  async getStockLevels(@Query('productId') productId?: string) {
    return this.inventoryService.getStockLevels(productId);
  }

  @Get('low-stock')
  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get products with low stock levels' })
  async getLowStockProducts(@Query('threshold') threshold: number = 10) {
    return this.inventoryService.getLowStockProducts(threshold);
  }
}

Providers/Services

Providers are classes that can be injected into each other as dependencies. Services contain the business logic of your application and are typically injected into controllers.

// inventory.service.ts
import { Injectable, NotFoundException, ConflictException } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository, In } from 'typeorm';
import { Product } from './entities/product.entity';
import { Location } from './entities/location.entity';
import { StockMovement } from './entities/stock-movement.entity';
import { CreateProductDto } from './dto/create-product.dto';
import { UpdateProductDto } from './dto/update-product.dto';
import { StockMovementDto } from './dto/stock-movement.dto';
import { MovementType } from './enums/movement-type.enum';

@Injectable()
export class InventoryService {
  constructor(
    @InjectRepository(Product)
    private productRepository: Repository,
    @InjectRepository(Location)
    private locationRepository: Repository,
    @InjectRepository(StockMovement)
    private stockMovementRepository: Repository,
  ) {}

  async createProduct(createProductDto: CreateProductDto): Promise {
    const existingProduct = await this.productRepository.findOne({
      where: { sku: createProductDto.sku },
    });

    if (existingProduct) {
      throw new ConflictException(`Product with SKU ${createProductDto.sku} already exists`);
    }

    const product = this.productRepository.create(createProductDto);
    return this.productRepository.save(product);
  }

  async findAllProducts(category?: string, locationId?: string): Promise {
    const queryBuilder = this.productRepository.createQueryBuilder('product');
    
    if (category) {
      queryBuilder.andWhere('product.category = :category', { category });
    }
    
    if (locationId) {
      queryBuilder
        .innerJoin('product.stockMovements', 'movement')
        .innerJoin('movement.location', 'location')
        .andWhere('location.id = :locationId', { locationId })
        .andWhere('movement.quantity > 0');
    }
    
    return queryBuilder.getMany();
  }

  async findProductById(id: string): Promise {
    const product = await this.productRepository.findOne({ where: { id } });
    
    if (!product) {
      throw new NotFoundException(`Product with ID ${id} not found`);
    }
    
    return product;
  }

  async updateProduct(id: string, updateProductDto: UpdateProductDto): Promise {
    const product = await this.findProductById(id);
    
    Object.assign(product, updateProductDto);
    
    return this.productRepository.save(product);
  }

  async recordStockMovement(stockMovementDto: StockMovementDto): Promise {
    const { productId, locationId, quantity, type } = stockMovementDto;
    
    const product = await this.findProductById(productId);
    const location = await this.locationRepository.findOne({ where: { id: locationId } });
    
    if (!location) {
      throw new NotFoundException(`Location with ID ${locationId} not found`);
    }
    
    // Check if there's enough stock for outbound movements
    if (type === MovementType.PICK || type === MovementType.SHIP) {
      const availableStock = await this.getProductStockAtLocation(productId, locationId);
      
      if (availableStock < quantity) {
        throw new ConflictException(
          `Not enough stock for product ${product.name} at location ${location.name}. Available: ${availableStock}, Requested: ${quantity}`,
        );
      }
    }
    
    const movement = this.stockMovementRepository.create({
      product,
      location,
      quantity,
      type,
      timestamp: new Date(),
    });
    
    return this.stockMovementRepository.save(movement);
  }

  async getStockLevels(productId?: string): Promise {
    const queryBuilder = this.stockMovementRepository.createQueryBuilder('movement')
      .select('product.id', 'productId')
      .addSelect('product.name', 'productName')
      .addSelect('product.sku', 'sku')
      .addSelect('location.id', 'locationId')
      .addSelect('location.name', 'locationName')
      .addSelect('SUM(CASE WHEN movement.type IN (:...inboundTypes) THEN movement.quantity ELSE 0 END)', 'inbound')
      .addSelect('SUM(CASE WHEN movement.type IN (:...outboundTypes) THEN movement.quantity ELSE 0 END)', 'outbound')
      .addSelect('SUM(CASE WHEN movement.type IN (:...inboundTypes) THEN movement.quantity ELSE -movement.quantity END)', 'available')
      .leftJoin('movement.product', 'product')
      .leftJoin('movement.location', 'location')
      .groupBy('product.id')
      .addGroupBy('location.id')
      .setParameters({
        inboundTypes: [MovementType.RECEIVE, MovementType.RETURN, MovementType.ADJUST_IN],
        outboundTypes: [MovementType.PICK, MovementType.SHIP, MovementType.ADJUST_OUT],
      });
    
    if (productId) {
      queryBuilder.andWhere('product.id = :productId', { productId });
    }
    
    return queryBuilder.getRawMany();
  }

  async getLowStockProducts(threshold: number): Promise {
    const stockLevels = await this.getStockLevels();
    
    return stockLevels.filter(item => item.available <= threshold);
  }

  private async getProductStockAtLocation(productId: string, locationId: string): Promise {
    const result = await this.stockMovementRepository.createQueryBuilder('movement')
      .select('SUM(CASE WHEN movement.type IN (:...inboundTypes) THEN movement.quantity ELSE -movement.quantity END)', 'available')
      .where('movement.product.id = :productId', { productId })
      .andWhere('movement.location.id = :locationId', { locationId })
      .setParameters({
        inboundTypes: [MovementType.RECEIVE, MovementType.RETURN, MovementType.ADJUST_IN],
      })
      .getRawOne();
    
    return result.available || 0;
  }
}

Testing

NestJS provides built-in support for testing using Jest. You can write unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests for your application.

// inventory.service.spec.ts
import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
import { getRepositoryToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { InventoryService } from './inventory.service';
import { Product } from './entities/product.entity';
import { Location } from './entities/location.entity';
import { StockMovement } from './entities/stock-movement.entity';
import { MovementType } from './enums/movement-type.enum';
import { ConflictException, NotFoundException } from '@nestjs/common';

describe('InventoryService', () => {
  let service: InventoryService;
  let productRepository: Repository;
  let locationRepository: Repository;
  let stockMovementRepository: Repository;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
      providers: [
        InventoryService,
        {
          provide: getRepositoryToken(Product),
          useClass: Repository,
        },
        {
          provide: getRepositoryToken(Location),
          useClass: Repository,
        },
        {
          provide: getRepositoryToken(StockMovement),
          useClass: Repository,
        },
      ],
    }).compile();

    service = module.get(InventoryService);
    productRepository = module.get>(getRepositoryToken(Product));
    locationRepository = module.get>(getRepositoryToken(Location));
    stockMovementRepository = module.get>(getRepositoryToken(StockMovement));
  });

  it('should be defined', () => {
    expect(service).toBeDefined();
  });

  describe('createProduct', () => {
    it('should create a product successfully', async () => {
      const createProductDto = {
        sku: 'TEST-12345',
        name: 'Test Product',
        description: 'Test Description',
        category: 'Test Category',
        weight: 1.5,
        dimensions: '10x10x10',
        barcode: '123456789012',
        reorderPoint: 10,
      };

      jest.spyOn(productRepository, 'findOne').mockResolvedValue(null);
      jest.spyOn(productRepository, 'create').mockReturnValue(createProductDto as any);
      jest.spyOn(productRepository, 'save').mockResolvedValue({
        id: 'test-id',
        ...createProductDto,
      } as any);

      const result = await service.createProduct(createProductDto);

      expect(result).toHaveProperty('id', 'test-id');
      expect(result).toHaveProperty('sku', 'TEST-12345');
      expect(productRepository.findOne).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        where: { sku: 'TEST-12345' },
      });
      expect(productRepository.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith(createProductDto);
      expect(productRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });

    it('should throw ConflictException if product with same SKU exists', async () => {
      const createProductDto = {
        sku: 'TEST-12345',
        name: 'Test Product',
      };

      jest.spyOn(productRepository, 'findOne').mockResolvedValue({ id: 'existing-id' } as any);

      await expect(service.createProduct(createProductDto)).rejects.toThrow(ConflictException);
      expect(productRepository.findOne).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        where: { sku: 'TEST-12345' },
      });
    });
  });

  describe('recordStockMovement', () => {
    it('should record a stock movement successfully', async () => {
      const stockMovementDto = {
        productId: 'product-id',
        locationId: 'location-id',
        quantity: 10,
        type: MovementType.RECEIVE,
        reference: 'PO-12345',
      };

      const product = { id: 'product-id', name: 'Test Product' };
      const location = { id: 'location-id', name: 'Test Location' };

      jest.spyOn(service, 'findProductById').mockResolvedValue(product as any);
      jest.spyOn(locationRepository, 'findOne').mockResolvedValue(location as any);
      jest.spyOn(stockMovementRepository, 'create').mockReturnValue({
        product,
        location,
        quantity: stockMovementDto.quantity,
        type: stockMovementDto.type,
        reference: stockMovementDto.reference,
        timestamp: expect.any(Date),
      } as any);
      jest.spyOn(stockMovementRepository, 'save').mockResolvedValue({
        id: 'movement-id',
        product,
        location,
        quantity: stockMovementDto.quantity,
        type: stockMovementDto.type,
        reference: stockMovementDto.reference,
        timestamp: new Date(),
      } as any);

      const result = await service.recordStockMovement(stockMovementDto);

      expect(result).toHaveProperty('id', 'movement-id');
      expect(result.product).toEqual(product);
      expect(result.location).toEqual(location);
      expect(result.quantity).toEqual(stockMovementDto.quantity);
      expect(result.type).toEqual(stockMovementDto.type);
    });

    it('should throw NotFoundException if location does not exist', async () => {
      const stockMovementDto = {
        productId: 'product-id',
        locationId: 'non-existent-location',
        quantity: 10,
        type: MovementType.RECEIVE,
      };

      jest.spyOn(service, 'findProductById').mockResolvedValue({ id: 'product-id' } as any);
      jest.spyOn(locationRepository, 'findOne').mockResolvedValue(null);

      await expect(service.recordStockMovement(stockMovementDto)).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
    });
  });
});

// inventory.e2e-spec.ts
import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
import * as request from 'supertest';
import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
import { getRepositoryToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Product } from '../src/inventory/entities/product.entity';
import { Location } from '../src/inventory/entities/location.entity';
import { AuthService } from '../src/auth/auth.service';

describe('Inventory Controller (e2e)', () => {
  let app: INestApplication;
  let authToken: string;
  let productRepository: any;
  let locationRepository: any;
  let authService: AuthService;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const moduleFixture: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
      imports: [AppModule],
    }).compile();

    app = moduleFixture.createNestApplication();
    app.useGlobalPipes(
      new ValidationPipe({
        whitelist: true,
        transform: true,
      }),
    );
    
    await app.init();
    
    // Get repositories and services
    productRepository = app.get(getRepositoryToken(Product));
    locationRepository = app.get(getRepositoryToken(Location));
    authService = app.get(AuthService);
    
    // Get auth token for testing
    const { accessToken } = await authService.login({
      id: 'test-user',
      email: 'test@example.com',
      roles: ['admin'],
    });
    
    authToken = accessToken;
    
    // Seed test data
    await seedTestData();
  });

  async function seedTestData() {
    // Create test location
    const location = await locationRepository.save({
      code: 'TEST-LOC',
      name: 'Test Location',
      zone: 'Test Zone',
      isActive: true,
    });
    
    // Create test product
    await productRepository.save({
      sku: 'TEST-SKU',
      name: 'Test Product',
      description: 'Test Description',
      category: 'Test Category',
      reorderPoint: 10,
    });
  }

  afterAll(async () => {
    // Clean up test data
    await productRepository.delete({ sku: 'TEST-SKU' });
    await locationRepository.delete({ code: 'TEST-LOC' });
    
    await app.close();
  });

  describe('/inventory/products (GET)', () => {
    it('should return all products', () => {
      return request(app.getHttpServer())
        .get('/inventory/products')
        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
        .expect(200)
        .expect(res => {
          expect(Array.isArray(res.body)).toBe(true);
          expect(res.body.some(product => product.sku === 'TEST-SKU')).toBe(true);
        });
    });
  });

  describe('/inventory/products (POST)', () => {
    it('should create a new product', () => {
      return request(app.getHttpServer())
        .post('/inventory/products')
        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
        .send({
          sku: 'NEW-SKU',
          name: 'New Product',
          description: 'New Description',
          category: 'New Category',
          reorderPoint: 5,
        })
        .expect(201)
        .expect(res => {
          expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('id');
          expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('sku', 'NEW-SKU');
          
          // Clean up the created product
          productRepository.delete({ sku: 'NEW-SKU' });
        });
    });

    it('should validate input data', () => {
      return request(app.getHttpServer())
        .post('/inventory/products')
        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
        .send({
          // Missing required 'sku' field
          name: 'Invalid Product',
        })
        .expect(400);
    });
  });
});

Deployment

NestJS applications can be deployed in various ways, including traditional hosting, containerization with Docker, or serverless architectures.

# Dockerfile
FROM node:16-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:16-alpine

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1

# Environment variables
ENV NODE_ENV=production
ENV PORT=3000

EXPOSE ${PORT}

CMD ["node", "dist/main"]

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  api:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=development
      - DB_HOST=postgres
      - DB_PORT=5432
      - DB_USERNAME=postgres
      - DB_PASSWORD=postgres
      - DB_DATABASE=wms_db
      - JWT_SECRET=dev_secret
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis

  postgres:
    image: postgres:13-alpine
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
      - POSTGRES_DB=wms_db
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

  redis:
    image: redis:6-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

# kubernetes/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: wms-api
  labels:
    app: wms-api
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: wms-api
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: wms-api
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: wms-api
        image: ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/wms-api:${VERSION}
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
        env:
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"
        - name: PORT
          value: "3000"
        - name: DB_HOST
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: wms-db-credentials
              key: host
        - name: DB_PORT
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: wms-db-credentials
              key: port
        - name: DB_USERNAME
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: wms-db-credentials
              key: username
        - name: DB_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: wms-db-credentials
              key: password
        - name: DB_DATABASE
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: wms-db-credentials
              key: database
        - name: JWT_SECRET
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: wms-jwt-secret
              key: secret
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: "1Gi"
          requests:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: "512Mi"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3000
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health/ready
            port: 3000
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: wms-api
spec:
  selector:
    app: wms-api
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  type: ClusterIP

Best Practices for WMS

When developing a WMS with NestJS, following these best practices will help ensure a robust, maintainable system.

Architecture Best Practices

• Domain-Driven Design: Model your application around warehouse domain concepts (inventory, locations, orders, shipments)
• Microservices: Consider splitting large WMS into microservices (inventory service, order service, shipping service)
• Event-Driven Architecture: Use events for critical operations like inventory changes or order status updates
• CQRS Pattern: Separate read and write operations for high-traffic WMS components

Database Best Practices

• Transactions: Use database transactions for critical inventory operations
• Indexing: Properly index fields used in frequent queries (SKUs, barcodes, location codes)
• Audit Trails: Implement comprehensive audit logging for all inventory changes
• Data Partitioning: Consider partitioning large tables by date or warehouse

Performance Best Practices

• Caching: Cache frequently accessed inventory data
• Pagination: Implement pagination for large data sets (product catalogs, order history)
• Background Processing: Use queues for time-consuming operations like report generation
• Query Optimization: Optimize database queries for inventory and order operations

Security Best Practices

• Role-Based Access Control: Implement fine-grained permissions for warehouse staff
• API Rate Limiting: Protect APIs from abuse with rate limiting
• Input Validation: Validate all input data, especially for critical inventory operations
• Secure Communication: Use HTTPS for all API communications, including mobile scanners

Testing Best Practices

• Comprehensive Test Coverage: Focus on testing critical inventory and order processing logic
• Integration Testing: Test interactions between different WMS components
• Performance Testing: Test system performance under expected warehouse load
• Scenario Testing: Test common warehouse scenarios (receiving, picking, shipping)